Self Esteem 
***********

**Summary**

Global self-esteem—a person’s overall evaluation or appraisal of his or her worth— was measured in 
the SOEP in 2010, 2015, and 2020 with an individual item. 

**Theoretical Background**

Self-esteem is a central construct in psychology and has value both as a predictor variable (e.g., for the 
occurrence of various life events) and as a target variable with great potential significance for 
numerous research questions. 

**Scale Development**

In the SOEP, following on the paper by Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski (2001), an individual item 
was used to measure self-esteem. 

**References**

*Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct 
validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social 
Psychology Bulletin, 27, 151-161.*

**Items**

To what degree do the following statements apply to you personally (In welchem Maße treffen die 
folgenden Aussagen auf Sie persönlich zu): 

	1. I have a positive attitude toward myself (Ich habe eine positive Einstellung zu mir selbst). 

Scale: 1 (Does not apply to me at all / Trifft überhaupt nicht zu) to 7 (Applies to me perfectly / Trifft 
voll zu) 

**Items and Scale Statistics**

.. csv-table::
   :file: csv/23a_selfesteem.csv
   :header-rows: 1
   :class: longtable
   :widths: 2 3 2 2 2
   
.. csv-table::
   :file: csv/23b_selfesteem_jugend.csv
   :header-rows: 1
   :class: longtable
   :widths: 2 3 2 2 2

.. csv-table::
   :file: csv/23c_selfesteem_bioage14.csv
   :header-rows: 1
   :class: longtable
   :widths: 2 3 2 2 2

.. csv-table::
   :file: csv/24d_selfesteem_bioage12.csv
   :header-rows: 1
   :class: longtable
   :widths: 2 3 2 2 2